What is TDS?

TDS or Tax Deducted at Source is income tax reduced from the money paid at the time of making specified payments such as rent, commission, professional fees, salary, interest etc. by the persons making such payments. Usually, the person receiving income is liable to pay income tax. But the government with the help of Tax Deducted at Source provisions makes sure that income tax is deducted in advance from the payments being made by you. The recipient of income receives the net amount (after reducing TDS). The recipient will add the gross amount to his income and the amount of TDS is adjusted against his final tax liability. The recipient takes credit for the amount already deducted and paid on his behalf.When should TDS be deducted and by whom? Any person making specified payments mentioned under the Income Tax Act is required to deduct TDS at the time of making such specified payment. But no TDS has to be deducted if the person making the payment is an individual or HUF whose books are not required to be audited.However, in case of rent payments made by individuals and HUF exceeding Rs 50,000 per month, are required to deduct TDS @ 5% even if the individual or HUF is not liable for a tax audit. Also, such Individuals and HUF liable to deduct TDS @ 5% need not apply for TAN. Your employer deducts TDS at the income tax slab rates applicable. Banks deduct TDS @10%. Or they may deduct @ 20% if they do not have your PAN information.For most payments rates of TDS are set in the income tax act and TDS is deducted by the payer basis of these specified rates. If you submit investment proofs (for claiming deductions) to your employer and your total taxable income is below the taxable limit – you do not have to pay any tax. And therefore no TDS should be deducted from your income.Similarly, you can submit Form 15G and Form 15H to the bank if your total income is below the taxable limit so that they don’t deduct TDS on your interest income. In case you have not been able to submit proofs to your employer or if your employer or bank has already deducted TDS and your total income is below the taxable limit) – you can file a return and claim a refund of this TDS. The complete list of Specified Payments eligible for TDS deduction along with the rate of TDS.

What is the due date for depositing the TDS to the government?

The Tax Deducted at Source must be deposited to the government by the 7th of the subsequent month.

How to deposit TDS?

Tax Deducted at Source has to be deposited using Challan ITNS-281 on the government portal. Read our article for a step by step guide for depositing TDS payment online.

How and when to file TDS returns?

Filing Tax Deducted at Source returns is mandatory for all the persons who have deducted TDS. TDS return is to be submitted quarterly and various details need to be furnished like TAN, amount of TDS deducted, type of payment, PAN of deductee, etc. Also, different forms are prescribed for filing returns depending upon the purpose of the deduction of TDS. Various types of return forms are as follows: Form 26QTDS on all payments except salaries Q1 – 31st July Q2 – 31st October Q3 – 31st January Q4 – 31st May

Form No	Transactions reported in the return	Due date
Form 24Q	TDS on Salary	Q1 – 31st July Q2 – 31st October Q3 – 31st January Q4 – 31st May
Form 27Q	TDS on all payments made to non-residents except salaries	Q1 – 31st July Q2 – 31st October Q3 – 31st January Q4 – 31st May
Form 26QB	TDS on sale of property	30 days from the end of the month in which TDS is deducted
Form 26QC	TDS on rent	30 days from the end of the month in which TDS is deducted

What is a TDS certificate?

Form 16, Form 16A, Form 16 B and Form 16 C are all TDS certificates. TDS certificates have to be issued by a person deducting TDS to the assessee from whose income TDS was deducted while making payment. For instance, banks issue Form 16A to the depositor when TDS is deducted on interest from fixed deposits. Form 16 is issued by the employer to the employee.

Form	Certificate of	Frequency	Due date
Form 16	TDS on salary payment	Yearly	31st May
Form 16 A	TDS on non-salary payments	Quarterly	15 days from due date of filing return
Form 16 B	TDS on sale of property	Every transaction	15 days from due date of filing return
Form 16 C	TDS on rent	Every transaction	15 days from due date of filing return

TDS credits in Form 26AS

It is important to understand how TDS is linked to your PAN. TDS deductions are linked to PAN numbers for both the deductor and deductee. If TDS has been deducted from any of your income you must go through the Tax Credit Form 26AS. This form is a consolidated tax statement that is available to all PAN holders.Since all TDS is linked to your PAN, this form lists out the details of TDS deducted on your income by each deductor for all kinds of payments made to you – whether those are salaries or interest income – all TDS linked to your PAN is reported here. This form also has income tax directly paid by you – as advance tax or self-assessment tax. Therefore, it becomes important for you to mention your PAN correctly, wherever TDS may be applicable to your income.

SMS Alerts for Higher Transparency

The income tax department has been sending SMS to the taxpayers from VK-ITDEFL that mentions the amount of tax deducted at source (TDS) against the PAN (Permanent Account Number) of the taxpayer. The SMS alert will let you know the TDS credited in respect of your income from salary, interest etc., every quarter. The amount of TDS would stand accumulated in your Form 26AS for the respective financial year.This initiative was implemented by the Finance Ministry to increase transparency and reduce the cases of TDS mismatches at the time of income tax filing. Taxpayers can cross-check the information provided in the SMS with the information on the payslips to make sure that there is no mismatch. TDS mismatch could be a common reason for incorrect income tax return filing.

Tax liability in a case where TDS is already deducted from Income

On salary, TDS is deducted based on the income tax slab applicable to you. In the case of other income types, the TDS rates are fixed and vary between 10% and 20%. The tax rates are not based on your total income. Hence, you would suffer a TDS on your receipts in certain cases. Separately, you would be required to calculate your annual income by aggregating income from all sources.Your actual tax liability would be calculated on the total taxable income. From the taxes calculated, you can claim credit for TDS deducted on your various receipts. Reduce the tax deducted at source from your actual tax liability to know the balance to be paid to the income tax department. You may have a refund too. In both cases, you have to file an income tax return and pay the tax due or claim a refund.

1 – What is the responsibility of the person deducting tax at source?

A person who deducts TDS is responsible for the below:

• Obtain the Tax Deduction Account Number and mention it in all the documents pertaining to TDS.
• Deduct the TDS at the applicable rate.
• Deposit the TDS amount with the Government within the specified due date.
• File TDS returns within the specified due date.
• Issue the TDS certificate to the payee within the specified due date.

2 – At what rate the deductor will deduct TDS if I do not furnish my Permanent Account Number to them?

​​​​​​​​As per Section 206AA of the Income Tax Act​, if you do not furnish your Permanent Account Number to the deductor, then the deductor shall deduct TDS at the higher of the rate prescribed in the relevant provisions of the Act or at 20%.

3 – What is the difference between TAN and PAN?

​​​​​​​​P​AN is a Permanent Account Number and TAN stands for Tax Deduction Account Number.

TAN should be obtained by the person responsible to deduct TDS, i.e., the deductor. The deductor is required to quote TAN in all the documents relating to TDS.

However, there is an exception- in the case of TDS on the purchase of land and building under Section 194-​IA, the deductor is not required to obtain TAN and can use PAN for remitting the TDS.​

Also, in the case of TDS on rent as per Section 194-​IB, and TDS on payment of certain sums by Individuals or HUFs as per Section 194M, the deductor can use PAN instead of TAN for remitting TDS.

4 – What are Sections 206AB and 206CCA?

The Finance Bill, 2021 introduced these provisions for deduction and collection of income tax at source at such higher rates if any sum is paid or payable to a specified person who did not file the IT return. Section 206AB is on TDS and inserted after section 206AA of the IT Act. It allows deduction of TDS at higher rates on those buyers who do not submit the Permanent Account Number (PAN). Likewise, Section 206CCA is on TCS and was inserted after section 206CC of the IT Act, with the same explanation as above. To know more, read our article on “Sections 206AB and 206CCA”.

5 – How many types of TDS are there?

There are several types of TDS defined by the law.

6 – What is the TDS rate on salary?

Every employer must deduct TDS on salary at what is known as the ‘average rate of income tax’ of the employee for the year. It is denoted as Average Income tax rate = Income tax liability (arrived at based on slab rates) divided by the employee’s predictable income for the assessment year.